Golfer’s elbow, also known as medial epicondylitis, is a painful condition caused by overuse or strain on the tendons that attach to the inner part of the elbow. Despite its name, you don’t have to be a golfer to develop it—any repetitive hand, wrist, or forearm motion can lead to this common overuse injury.
What is Golfer’s Elbow?
Golfer’s elbow occurs when the tendons that attach to the medial epicondyle—the bony bump on the inside of your elbow—become inflamed or damaged. These tendons help you flex your wrist and grip objects, so overuse can cause microtears and irritation that lead to pain and weakness.
Inside the Elbow
The elbow is a hinge joint made up of the humerus (upper arm bone), radius, and ulna (forearm bones). Several tendons and muscles attach at the medial epicondyle to control wrist and finger movement. When these tissues are overworked—often by repetitive motions like swinging a golf club or using tools—they can become inflamed, leading to golfer’s elbow.
Causes of Medial Epicondylitis
Golfer’s elbow is typically caused by:
- Repetitive wrist flexion or forearm rotation
- Forceful gripping or lifting
- Poor technique during sports or work activities
- Sudden increases in activity or training
- Inadequate stretching or warm-up routines
Although it’s common among golfers, other athletes and professionals—such as tennis players, pitchers, plumbers, and carpenters—are also at risk.
Signs and Symptoms of Golfer’s Elbow
Symptoms often develop gradually and may include:
- Pain or tenderness on the inner side of the elbow
- Stiffness in the elbow
- Weak grip strength
- Tingling or numbness radiating into the ring and little fingers
- Pain that worsens with certain movements, like lifting, gripping, or twisting
If left untreated, symptoms can interfere with daily activities and worsen over time.
Risk Factors
You’re more likely to develop golfer’s elbow if you:
- Are over age 40
- Perform repetitive arm motions for two or more hours a day
- Smoke, which can impact tendon health
- Have poorly conditioned forearm muscles
- Use improper form during physical activity or work tasks
Treatment
Most cases of golfer’s elbow respond well to conservative treatment. Options include:
Rest and Activity Modification
Avoid activities that trigger pain to allow healing.
Ice and Anti-inflammatory Medications
Apply ice packs and use NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) to reduce inflammation and discomfort.
Physical Therapy
Stretching and strengthening exercises can restore flexibility and support recovery.
Bracing or Splinting
Wearing a forearm strap or wrist brace can reduce strain on the tendons.
Steroid Injections
In some cases, a corticosteroid injection may reduce inflammation more quickly.
Advanced Options
If symptoms persist beyond 6–12 months of conservative care, surgical treatment may be considered.
Recovery
With proper care, most people recover from golfer’s elbow within 6 weeks to 6 months. Recovery timelines vary based on severity, activity levels, and treatment adherence. It’s important to resume activity gradually and maintain proper technique to avoid reinjury.
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FAQs
Rest, physical therapy, and activity modification are the most effective first steps. Combining these with anti-inflammatory treatments and bracing can help accelerate healing. In some cases, corticosteroid injections or regenerative therapies may be considered for quicker relief.
Mild cases may resolve in a few weeks with rest and treatment, while more persistent cases can take several months. Ongoing therapy and avoiding aggravating activities help speed up recovery.
Golfer’s elbow is not usually serious, but it can become chronic if ignored. Early treatment helps prevent long-term damage and improves outcomes.
Repetitive wrist flexion, gripping, lifting heavy objects, or using poor form during activities can worsen symptoms. Continuing these motions without rest may delay healing.
